The Mechanics of Color
light
light is an electromagnetic wave
light has a dual particle/wave nature
which one it appears as depends on the experiment
get into the double-slit experiment?
mention the weird implications of uncertainty, e.g. wheelers delayed choice experiment?
and the more recent and simpler delayed choice experiment involving particles?
get into the speed of light as a constant and relativity?
get into e=mc^2 and suggest that all energy propagates at the speed of light?
explain why light can project as a beam even though it has a wave nature. is this some special behavior of waves? is this due to its particle nature?
the make-up of the human eye and the suspected color pathways in the brain (brightness, blue-yellow, red-green)
wikipedia - trichromatic
wikipedia - trichromatic_theory
wikipedia - opponent_process
mention color perception of other animals, including dogs, cats, that shrimp that sees is 7 primaries, and bees which can see ultraviolet. any animals that can see infrared?
birds can see uv - from color_vision.
infrared sensing snakes can see infrared - wikipedia - electromagnetic radiation - visible light, also, wikipedia - infrared sensing in snakes
mention that the idea that the brain receives an upside-down image is a myth, since the optic nerve can twist in any way on the way to the brain and isn't arranged in a cartesian graphical way anyway (fact check this)
mention that knowing what wavelengths a dog perceives in doesn't mean we know what those colors subjectively look like to the dog?
color_vision and color_model talk about color vision in other animals. evolution_of_color_vision and evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates might also.
tetrachromacy in humans
include verbatum descriptions of what the world is like from known tetrachromats
I wish I could find that article I found once a long time ago by websearching for "I am a tetrachromat" where the girl made her own photography process for capturing the extra colors, and collected things
mention that a photon is created when an electron lowers its valence shell and a photon is absorbed when an electron raises its valence shell
apparently blackbody radiation isn't caused by electrons changing their valence shells. according to 'electromagnetic radiation' wikipedia article. verify this.
according to wikipedia - electromagnetic radiation - Wave and particle effects of electromagnetic radiation, when heat causes light emission it's still due to electrons changing energy levels
deceleration of a 'free charged particle' creates light. examples:
cyclotron radiation
synchrotron radiation
bremsstrahlung
study 'cherenkov radiation'
why do we only see light in the visible range? in the visible range (and up?) light has the ability to change the bond structure of some individual molecules. this is how the retina works. (wikipedia - electromagnetic radiation - visible light)
animals that detect infrared don't do it in the same way (ibid)
"Visible light is well transmitted in air, as it is not energetic enough to excite nitrogen, oxygen, or ozone, but too energetic to excite molecular vibrational frequencies of water vapor." (ibid)
"Absorption bands in the infrared are due to modes of vibrational excitation in water vapor. However, at energies too low to excite water vapor, the atmosphere becomes transparent again, allowing free t transmission of most microwave and radio waves."
"microwaves penetrate [living tissue] better than infrared"
"Above the range of visible light, ultraviolet light becomes invisible to humans, mostly because it is absorbed by the cornea below 360 nanometers and the internal lens below 400. Furthermore, the rods and cones located in the retina of the human eye cannot detect the very short (below 360 nm) ultraviolet wavelengths, and are in fact damaged by ultraviolet. Many animals with eyes that do not require lenses (such as insects and shrimp) are able to detect ultraviolet, by quantum photon-absorption mechanisms, in much the same chemical way that humans detect visible light."- Light
"In general, the optical spectrum encompasses the most common [[electronic transitions]] in matter and is therefore the most useful for collecting information about the environment." - color_vision
define colorfulness, chroma, and saturation - defined in wikipedia - colorfulness
with certain colors, and once followed a guy because his hair was like a mix of cyan and gold, etc.
can you do a text search on archive.org? i don't think so.
describe various color models
mention that LCD displays can't show certain shades of red and why
explain gamma (wtf IS gamma?)
write book, then read a few books on color to fact check and see if i missed any important ideas or chapters.
don't read the other books before i write them, so that i don't end up plagiarizing (once you read something, it's hard to word it in your own way without feeling like you're compromising by specifially avoiding the best way to word it)
i think i removed some books on color from my amazon list. search for books on color again.
"44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible"
google how to write a book and find out what kind of editor to use, how to make chapters, etc.
don't forget page numbers
table of contents
index
glossary?
biblography?
under the appropriate section (electroluminescence or whatever), mention that it's the principle behind the aurora borealis
primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors
mention/explain that the color wheel wouldn't be possible (as a wheel) if we saw in more than three primary colors
diffraction
refraction
mention negative indexes of refraction?
explain rainbows and prisms
mention that rainbows should be red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet or at least that newton's including of both indigo and violet was stretching it and that it was common in those days to encapsulate
mention that purple is the only color that can't be caused by a single wavelength
"the speed of light in water is about 3/4 of that in vacuum" - light
dispersion - refraction of different wavelengths at different angles
things in groups of 7 (is this something particular to alchemy?)
reflection, absoption
is reflection a special case of refraction? where the index is 100%?
rendering equation
notice the oren-nayar reflectance model
mention that light frequencies below visible light don't reflect, or at least not on normal surfaces [look up whether there's anything they reflect off of] and aren't absorbed much by them either
"infrared is reflected by metals (as is most EMR into the ultraviolet) but is absorbed by a wide range of substances, causing them to increase in temperature as the vibrations dissipate as heat." - from wikipedia - electromagnetic radiation
higher ranges of x-ray and all gamma rays penetrate matter (i guess more-or-less, depending on how far and what kind of matter)
what about frequences way above visible light?
mirror reflection
glossiness
see specular highlight
mention sun glitter?
translucence/transparency
diffusion
mention why the sky is blue?
are there separate words for diffusion when light is reflected vs diffusion when light is passed through? if so, i need the former in my second chapter, not the latter
metamerism
iridescence
phosphorescence ("neon" colors)
cathodoluminescence - caused by bombarding phosphors
electroluminescence (the real "neon")
chemoluminescence
in at least one example of a chemical reaction explain why a certain step in the reaction causes an electron to lower its valence shell, hence releasing a photon. will probably have to do some basic explaining of chemistry, e.g. that molecules form when atoms share electrons. (actually there's covalent bonds and the other type..)
bioluminescence?
talk about various species?
fireflies
light bugs
plankton (according to 'light', when ship disturb them they produce a glowing wake)
glow worms, or whatever they're called, hanging in caves
those things that light up the beach in some places
that deep sea fish with a light hanging in front of it, is it an angler fish?
that deep sea creature with the moving colorful display
'sea of stars' in the vadhoo islands in the maldives
talk about various chemical reactions?
glow sticks
fluorescence
the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence is that fluorescence is immediate, while phosphorescence is delayed.
fluorescence is a type of photoluminescence.
scintillation - produces light
triboluminescence
stereoscopic vision?
3d displays?
holography?
cameras?
photocell
charge-coupled device
blackbody spectrums and color temperature
mention that this is why anything warm emits infrared light, and why they can see through walls
sunlight
color temperatures of various types/stages of stars?
mention that they calculated that if you add up the colors of all the stars in the universe it makes teal? find that article, give reference, include a picture of the color
incandescence
talk about fire?
explain that stuff you put into fire to make various colors?
"incandescent light bulbs, which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the remainder as infrared." -Light
fire also emits most of its radiation in infrared
the blackbody spectrum of humans given their temperature peaks at about 10 micrometers (in the deep infrared)
article: luminous efficacy - luminous efficacy of black-body radiation peaks at about 6500k. maybe it doesn't matter, though, because artificial light sources in that range aren't true blackbody spectra anyway.
color rendering index
correlated color temperature
File:Planckian-locus.png
spectra of various artificial light sources and how they work (phosphors, etc.)
laser light
does the straightness of laser light depend on the particle nature of light?
monocromatic light
coherent light
what's that effect called where light is bent by going really close to an object? is it diffraction?
polarization
polarizing sunglasses
movie glasses
liquid crystal displays
"The direction of the polarization is defined as the direction of the electric field."
mention the unexplained light caused when you send high-pitched sound waves through water?
suspected to have something to do with little tiny vacuums being created and collapsing
sonoluminescence, i think.
impossible colors? wikipedia article: impossible color
don't forget binocular_rivalry
color spaces:
explain why rgb covers roughly the same area as brightness, yellow-blue, red-green and brightness, hue, saturation and l, s, m
see ICC_Profile
check out Color_appearance_model
check out Comparison_of_color_models_in_computer_graphics
munsell
pantone color matching system (not a color space)
natural color system
cie 1931
tsl (very specific)
rg chomaticity (very specific)
rgb
'spectral color' says some stuff about the limitations of rgb
sRGB
"Common color spaces based on the RGB model include sRGB, Adobe RGB, ProPhoto RGB, scRGB, and CIE RGB." -color_space
cie l*a*b
ciecam97s?
ciecam02?
L*C*h (lightness, chroma, hue) (same as cie l*a*b? from wikipedia - colorfulness)
cieluv aka l*u*v
cieuvw
yuv
HSL
HSV
cie xyz
cmyk
mention that subtractive colors (pigments) get darker when you mix them, which is why cmyk starts with brighter colors than rgb - c is b+g, etc. find out if this is actually true.
mention that K is added just as a practical matter because mixing the c, m, and y doesn't make exact black. even though it would ideally, e.g. on a computer. find out if this is actually true.
NCS
YIQ
YPbPr / YCbCr
xvYCC
RG Chromaticity (special-purpose)
TSL color space (special-purpose)
RG (obsolete)
RGK (obsolete)
according to the article on chromaticity, hue is more perceptually uniform in munsell, cielab and ciecam02 than in other models using hue.
Munsell
show slices of an opponent process color solid and an l, s, m color solid
see list_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses
for each color space, include (even if i have to make them) diagrams showing what areas of the total visual color space they can represent
i've seen a diagram like that before, in 2d, it's oddly shaped. find out how it works, use it, and explain it
it may be this, maybe not - File:Excitation_Purity.svg
it may be a cie 1931 chromaticity diagram
either way, explain the chromaticity diagram and maybe also in simple terms explain why the chromaticity diagram is oddly shaped, relative to the mechanics of vision
also show diagrams like this for CRTs, LCDs, OLEDs, plasma TVs, various printing methods (such as computer printers, magazines, professional photographic printers, personal photographic printers, film
the article on chromaticity is poorly written. it will take a lot of research to see what they really mean. or just look for a different source of information on chromaticity.
photography, etc.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png may show exactly this for monitors - "Areas outside the triangle cannot be accurately rendered because they are out of the gamut of sRGB" - from color_vision
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg - "Comparison of some RGB and CMYK colour gamuts on a CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colorspace.png - similar to the above
notice color_science
notice wikipedia - File:CRT_phosphors - spectograph of crt light
wikipedia - colorfulness has a few equations for converting certain things between color spaces or something.
"the just-noticeable difference in wavelength varies from about 1 nm in the blue-green and yellow wavelengths, to 10 nm and more in the longer red and shorter blue wavelengths." - color_vision
notice color_vision - some important information there
there's a lot of interesting information about color vision in different animals, but how will i reword it so that it's not obvious that i copied it, when all know is the summarized information they provide?
notice color_translation (color space transformations)
notice color_difference
check out just-noticeable_difference - is it specifically about color? (from color_vision)
notice the article on chomaticity
notice complementary_colors, analogous_colors, polychrome, color_scheme
and the one on chrominance
notice Hue, Dichromatism, dichromacy, Tints_and_shades, Lightness, Grayscale
notice brightness
notice list_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses
notice color_theory, chromaticity, color_solid, color_wheel, color_triangle, color_analysis_(art), color_realism_(art_style)
notice planckian_locus - what is this? seems relevant (from wikipedia - colorimetry)
notice Wikipedia:WikiProject Color - what is this? (from wikipedia - colorfulness)
notice the article on dominant wavelength
notice the article on colorfulness
chromaticity says that colorfulness is also called saturation, chroma, intensity, and excitation purity. look into this. i think those mean slightly different things. explain the differences?
notice lighting
notice multi-primary_color_display, quattron (what are they?)
check out mesopic_vision
check out gamut
color organizations to look up on wikipedia and then go to their websites
Pantone
Color Marketing Group
The Color Association of the United States
International Colour Authority
International Commission on Illumination (CIE)
International Color Consortium
International Colour Association
spontaneous vs stimulated emission? spontaneous_emission and stimulated_emission on wikipedia
mention how a radiometer works?
crookes radiometer
does not work by light pressure. works via a 'partial vacuum'
nichols radiometer
works by light pressure
mention photohetry and its units (mentioned in wikipedia - light)?
if so, explain how each unit works re its dimensionality
cumulative response for the three types of human cone cells peaks at about 555 nm (wikipedia - light)
effects of light having a quantum nature (don't necessarily have to include this):
compton scattering
photoelectric effect
finitude of blackbody radiotion (lack of ultraviolet catastrophe)
electrons are liberated from atoms at velocities proportional to frequency of photons that hit them and not intensity
notice articres on specific colors:
red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet, purple, magenta, pink, brown, white, gray, black
mention that colors like brown cannot be light sources. they're only possible relative to a brighter environment. list all colors that are like this. (grey, black)
notice colorimetry, philosophy_of_color, color_psychology
notice structural coloration, spectral colors, chromosphore, animal coloration, on_vision_and_colors, spectral_power_distribution
notice color constancy, color term, color depth, spot color, color mapping,color code, color management, chrominance, false color, chroma key, color balance, color cast,
notice color_psychology, color_preferences, kruithof_color, color_psychology, chromotherapy, Lüscher color test
look for a good color associations study
notice color_mixing, primary_color, secondary_color, tertiary_color, color_theory, pastel_(color), color_gradient
should we go into color schemes and such? if so:
color_tool, monochromatic_color, complementary_colors, analogous_colors, grey, polychrome, light-on-dark_color_scheme, tincture_(heraldry)
go into colors in various cultures? if so:
Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate
Distinction_of_blue_and_green_in_various_languages
Color_in_Chinese_culture
Traditional_colors_of_Japan
Human_skin_color
for any equations, such as the one describing dispersion of light, refraction, etc., find out exactly why nature behaves according to that equation and explain it
explain that the colors you see are the reflected wavelengths multiplied by the sensitivity envelope of the cone cells. show diagrams.
or is it that simple? "A spectrocolorimeter is simply a spectrophotometer that can estimate tristimulus values by numerical integration (of the color matching functions' inner product with the illuminant's spectral power distribution" - from wikipedia - colorimetry
show two optical illusions involving shade
1. the one with checkers with one half shaded and the other not, where a light checker in the shaded area is the same color as a dark checker in the non shaded area
2. the one with the cylinder casting a shadow. i think it might be similar to the above one. maybe there's only one.
should we talk about the evolution of the eye? articles talking about the evolution of the eye:
color_vision
color_model
evolution_of_color_vision
evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates
may have to rename this to the mechanics of sight?
the mechanics of sight and color?
Sight and Color?
Color and Vision?
Color Vision?
the mechanics of color vision?
light and color?
the mechanics of light and color?
the mecharics of light and color vision?
the mechanics of light and vision?
the mechanics of color and vision?
light and color vision?
chapters [preliminary]:
Light
Wave/Particle Duality
C as a Constant
E=MC^2
The Spectrum (radio waves, visible light, gamma, etc.)
radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
Blackbody Spectra
The Quantum
Color Temperature
The Sun and Stars
Reflection, Absorption, Diffusion, Refraction
The Eye and Color Perception
The Cornea
The Iris
The Retina
Color Cones
Color Pathways
Sterescopic Vision
Double Vision vs (that word for the range of distance in which we actually see in 3d)
Mirrors and Glossiness
Iridescence
Light Sources (should I call this Artifical Light Sources and put Incandescent Lights somewhere else?)
Color Rendering Index
Correlated Color Temperature
Incandescent Lights
Phosphorescence
Fluorescent Lights
LED Lights
Neon Lights
Metamerism
mention that some colors, the ones on the boundary of the cie 1931 xy chromaticity diagram (i think?) can only be represented by one monochromatic color or by two monochromatic colors, one in the deep red one in the uv - from color_vision
Color Models
Chemoluminescence
Electroluminescence
Polarization
Sunglasses
At the Movies
LCDs
Laser Light
Coherent Light